The Relationship between Eating Habits, Obesity And Cardiovascular Endurance among Primary School Children in Penang

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between eating habits, obesity, and cardiovascular endurance among primary school children in Penang, Malaysia. A total of 400 respondents were selected using systematic sampling. Data collection included a validated eating habits questionnaire, Body Mass Index (BMI) measurements, and the step test. Data were analysed using SPSS Version 27 with descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation (p < .05). Results indicated a significant positive relationship between unhealthy eating habits and obesity (r = .412, p < .05), and a significant negative relationship between obesity and cardiovascular endurance (r = –.365, p < .05). Eating habits also showed a weak but significant relationship with cardiovascular endurance (r = .198, p < .05). The findings highlight the importance of healthy dietary practices in improving children’s physical fitness and reducing obesity risk.