Muhamad Don, Mohd. Ali, Mohd Rilizam, Rosli, Mohd Shukri, Mohd Senin, Ahmad, Che Yaacob, Mas Nooraini, Mohiddin, Sukree, Langputeh, and Mohd Farhan, Ahmad. “Exploring Instrumental, Expectancy, and Valence Components in Motivation for Learning Among University Students in Selected ASEAN Country”. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development 11, no. 2 (May 6, 2022). Accessed July 13, 2025. https://ijarped.com/index.php/journal/article/view/1795.