Hamed, Popoola Kareem, Abdul Shakour Preece, Daud Abdul Quadir Elega, and Ayman Aied Mohammed Mamdouh. “Towards A Philosophical Framework for Self-Leadership Among Malaysian Islamic Schools in the Digital Age: Drawing Insights from Ibn Miskawayh’s Ethical Theories”. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development 14, no. 4 (December 30, 2025): 2699–2716. Accessed February 3, 2026. https://ijarped.com/index.php/journal/article/view/4067.