The Comparison of Loneliness and Social Self-Efficacy among Male Adolescents in Families where the presence of Father is Temporary (for Employment) and Normal Adolescents

Abstract

The present study aimed to compare the loneliness and social self-efficacy among male adolescents in families where the presence of father was temporary (for employment) and normal adolescents in Shiraz. This was a causal-comparative study. The population consisted of high school students in area one, Shiraz. Using multistage cluster sampling method, 8 schools were selected from 31 boy’s high schools; and 5 classes were selected from each school. In each class, the questionnaire was given to students who were eligible as normal group. Totally, 201 cases were included in normal group. Using convenience sampling, the students that their parents were in work for two weeks, a month, or more were selected as experimental group. The questionnaire was given to 201 cases. The Usher’ loneliness (1984) and Couneley’s social self-efficacy among adolescents (1989) questionnaires were used for collecting the data. The independent t test was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant difference between loneliness and social self- efficacy of teenagers in two groups. In other words, the loneliness and social self-efficacy of experiment group was more and less, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that the permanent presence of father influenced the level of loneliness sense and social self-efficacy among adolescents.