Programming Challenges Experience by Primary School Students: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

The emergence of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has changed many sectors including education field. In this age of digital, programming education is currently being integrated into primary school curriculum worldwide. The study adopted Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. This SLR study identify the programming challenge faced by primary school students and find solutions to overcome these challenges. The selection of 20 articles needed is based on the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive analysis of 20 relevant articles was done through few databases such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, and ERIC.  The articles that have been chosen for this SLR study were published between the year of 2019 to 2024. Findings indicate that key factors contributing to programming challenges among primary school students are categorized into cognitive, digital skills, metacognitive challenges, programming language and issues related to students’ readiness. Also, limited access to good infrastructural and resources will further hinder effective programming education. Ultimately, this SLR research hopefully can guide the teachers and policymakers on the challenges faced by the primary students so that they will enhance programming education to ensure students learn well and better prepared for future.