Integrating Sustainable Education from the View of Consumer Perceptions and Acceptance of Reusing Treated Greywater for Clean Water Substitution

Abstract

Water scarcity issues worldwide are becoming increasingly prevalent, attributed mainly to environmental challenges. To alleviate the burden on clean water resources, adopting treated greywater systems presents a viable alternative. Yet, implementing such systems within the Malaysian context remains in its infancy. A comprehensive survey was conducted to gauge consumer receptivity and understand the greywater recycling concept and its potential implications. This aim is to assess the feasibility of greywater use from the consumer's perspective and to ascertain its alignment with their needs. The survey sought to enlighten consumers on the sustainability of treated greywater to reduce reliance on increasingly scarce clean water supplies. Conducted online, the questionnaire comprised two sections and targeted residents of Seksyen 7, Shah Alam. The findings revealed varying understanding and acceptance of the greywater concept across educational backgrounds. Notably, individuals with a bachelor's degree and secondary school students exhibited a higher propensity (62% and 75%, respectively) to grasp the greywater concept compared to other demographic groups. Interestingly, the survey also uncovered a generational divide in the willingness to adopt greywater systems, with older participants showing a 12% reluctance rate, in contrast to a 7% reluctance rate among younger respondents. This resistance was primarily attributed to discomfort with the nature of greywater and prevailing cultural perceptions. Despite these concerns, most (79%) respondents acknowledged the potential of treated greywater to conserve clean water resources. This recognition translated into a widespread willingness to modify household plumbing to accommodate a greywater system, underscoring the participants' robust awareness and commitment to environmental conservation. This study highlights the critical role of consumer education and cultural adaptation in the broader adoption of greywater recycling technologies. By fostering a deeper understanding and addressing prevailing misconceptions, Malaysia can tap into the untapped potential of greywater systems to mitigate water scarcity challenges.