Mechanical Properties of Malaysian Chengal Wood Species

Abstract

Timber is defined as the structural wood used for construction or other purposes. It is one of the oldest building materials and most sustainable resources. In recent years, the availability of high-grade timber species has dwindled due to ongoing deforestation and a decrease in log production. Hence, this study explores the mechanical properties of Malaysian Chengal wood (Neobalanocarpus heimii), a species highly valued for its strength, durability, and resistance to decay and insects. Despite its widespread use in construction, flooring, and marine applications, detailed data on its mechanical behaviour is scarce. This research aims to fill this gap by systematically analysing Chengal wood’s mechanical properties through bending, compression, and tensile tests. The study measured vital parameters such as Modulus of Rupture (MOR) and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE). The MOR, indicating the wood's resistance to external forces, was determined to be 54 MPa, while the MOE, reflecting stiffness and deformation properties, was 18400 MPa. These values are crucial for understanding the wood's elastic behaviour and ability to return to its original shape after deformation. Test results revealed a linear and non-linear behaviour, with all specimens exhibiting brittle to brittle-ductile failure patterns. Failures were primarily due to defects like knots, cross grains, and splits, which caused complex stress distributions. Various failure patterns were observed, underscoring the impact of these defects on the wood's mechanical performance. This comprehensive evaluation of Chengal wood's mechanical properties provides essential insights for its use in engineering and construction. The findings confirm its robust performance and identify potential areas for quality improvement. This study serves as a critical reference for engineers, architects, and wood industry professionals, aiding in the informed selection of Chengal wood in structural applications.