Effects of an AI Chatbot Mobile Application on Foreign Language Anxiety among Chinese EFL Undergraduates

Abstract

Foreign language anxiety (FLA) is a major challenge in language learning, often unrelieved by traditional classroom approaches, especially in exam-oriented settings like China. Speaking a foreign language is particularly anxiety-inducing due to the need for spontaneous verbal communication and exposure to immediate judgment. AI chatbots offer low-stress, supportive spaces for speaking practice, but limited research exists on their effects on FLA, particularly in China. This study addressed this gap through a quasi-experimental design with 30 participants, divided into an experimental group using the AI chatbot Doubao and a control group engaging in student-to-student chat. FLA was measured at pretest, midtest, and posttest. Results showed a significant reduction in anxiety for the experimental group by midtest, with this effect persisting at posttest. These findings demonstrate that AI chatbots can reduce FLA through consistent, personalized interactions, offering valuable insights for integrating AI into EFL education. Teachers can use chatbots to create low-stress speaking environments, curriculum developers and policymakers can integrate AI tools into programs, and future research can focus on optimizing AI features to address diverse learner needs.