Strategies for Mastering Science Process Skills and Manipulative Skills in Practical Work

Abstract

Science is a discipline based on theory and practice. Practical work or science experiments play an important role in the learning process involving scientific skills, namely scientific
process skills and manipulative skills. However, discussions on the concept of strategies for
mastering science process skills and manipulative skills in practical work are very limited.
Therefore, this concept paper aims to explain the concept of science process skills and
manipulative skills in science learning and then examine learning strategies that can improve the mastery of these scientific skills. The findings show that three main strategies have been identified, namely the inquiry-based learning approach, scientific argumentation-based learning and the use of information and communication technology in science learning. This concept paper has implications for inspiring science educators to use appropriate strategies in science teaching and learning and subsequently contributing to the improvement of students' science process skills and manipulative skills. The main strategies outlined can be focused on target groups such as science teachers in lower and secondary schools. Further research proposals in the future can be carried out such as the development of instruments to measure students' scientific skills and the implementation of science practical work using distance and hybrid learning approaches.