How Contextual Variables Influence Individual Volleyball Performance in Training: Evidence from Chinese Universities

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of contextual variables on individual volleyball performance during training at Chinese universities. Drawing on a sample of 150 university-level athletes, the study examines how the training environment, coach-athlete relationship, team cohesion, and athlete motivation influence performance outcomes. Using a mixed-methods approach, quantitative data were collected via a structured questionnaire assessing these contextual factors, while qualitative insights were gathered through semi-structured interviews with athletes and coaches. The findings reveal that athlete motivation was the strongest predictor of individual performance, followed by coach-athlete relationships and team cohesion. While the training environment also contributed to performance outcomes, its effect was less pronounced compared to the psychological and social variables. The results suggest that fostering motivation, enhancing coach-athlete relationships, and promoting team cohesion are essential for optimizing individual performance in volleyball training. These findings offer practical insights for coaches, sports administrators, and university sports programs, emphasizing the importance of creating a supportive, motivating, and cohesive training environment to enhance athlete development and performance.