Reevaluating Al-‘Ilal al-Saghir: A Comparative Study on its Classification as a Work of ‘Ilal al-Hadith

Abstract

The science of ‘Ilal al-Hadīth is a vital branch of ‘Ulūm al-Hadith, with numerous key works in the field. One frequently cited work is Al-‘Ilal al-Saghīr by al-Tirmizi, traditionally classified under ‘Ilal al-Hadīth. However, its structure and discussion raise questions about whether it fits better within Uṣūl al-Hadīth. This study compares Al-‘Ilal al-Saghīr with Al-Tamyīz by Muslim bin al-Ḥajjāj to determine its proper classification. Using a qualitative approach, it employs document and content analysis as primary methods. Findings suggest that Al-‘Ilal al-Saghīr aligns more with Uṣūl al-Hadīth as it primarily discusses fundamental concepts, including narrator classification, hadith terminology, and methodology in sanad evaluation. Conversely, Al-Tamyīz is more suited to ‘Ilal al-Hadīth due to its in-depth examination of errors in sanad and hadith texts. This study clarifies the distinction between Uṣūl al-Hadīth and ‘Ilal al-Hadīth, offering better classification frameworks for teaching and scholarly reference.