Comparing Rote Memorization and Contextual Learning in Vocabulary Acquisition among Upper Primary ESL Students

Abstract

The study aims at comparing between rote learning and contextual learning to determine which of the two methods is most effective in improving the vocabulary mastery of the upper primary ESL students. Vocabulary acquisition is of paramount importance to the linguistic proficiency and general interpersonal communication of the students in the process of second language acquisition. For this study, forty students were selected into two groups; the control group, Class A which was taught through rote method of repetition and spelling exercises and the experimental group Class B which was taught through contextual approach using storytelling and real-life situations. Pre and post tests were also used to check the amount of vocabulary retention and usage. Findings showed that both the methods were effective in enhancing vocabulary acquisition, however, students who learned through contextual methods were able to retain and use the acquired vocabulary effectively in the long run. Contextual learning fostered the extent of elaborated cognition, which enhanced the extent of comprehension, as opposed to rote learning, which enhanced the extent of recall. These findings are in accordance with other studies indicating that real-life experiences help in creating mental links that enhance vocabulary acquisition. It is advised that ESL instructors use context-based approaches such as storytelling, role play and discussion to improve the achievement of the goals set on vocabulary learning. It is found that the use of both memorization and contextual methods of teaching is the best combination to be used in instructions. The findings of the current study can be used in future studies to examine the generalizability of these methods in different learning contexts and their applicability for learners of different ages and with different levels of language proficiency. The knowledge of how contextualized exposure can be beneficial in the learning of new vocabulary will help in the development of better teaching strategies for the ESL students.