The Challenges Faced by Generation Alpha in Practising Digital Citizenship

Abstract

The rapid digital transformation has positioned Generation Alpha as the first cohort to be entirely raised in a highly connected, technologically immersive environment. Within this context, digital citizenship has become an essential competency; however, significant challenges persist in ensuring that this generation practises it ethically and responsibly. This study aims to identify and analyse the key challenges faced by Generation Alpha in embracing digital citizenship. Employing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology, this study reviewed 25 peer-reviewed articles published between 2019 and 2025, using thematic qualitative analysis. Article selection was guided by the PRISMA protocol, focusing on high-quality literature from Scopus, Web of Science, and ERIC. The review uncovered three dominant challenges: first, digital literacy gaps, including the inability to assess the credibility of online information and manage digital footprints; second, the adverse effects of social media on digital identity, emotional regulation, and value formation; and third, educational constraints involving curriculum inadequacies and the limited capacity of educators to guide ethical digital behaviour. The findings further revealed that only 55.5% of the reviewed articles directly focused on Generation Alpha, indicating a significant gap in the literature. In conclusion, this review highlights the urgent need for a holistic pedagogical approach that actively involves parents, educators, and policy frameworks to guide Generation Alpha towards becoming discerning, responsible, and ethical digital citizens. The study calls for the development of a comprehensive digital education framework to support the moral and social development of this emerging generation in a rapidly evolving digital landscape.