Physical Activity, Motivational Regulation, and Perceived Barriers among Chinese University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

To better understand the motivations and perceived barriers related to physical activity (PA) participation among Chinese university students, this cross-sectional study examined PA levels, motivational regulation, and perceived barriers among 1,618 undergraduate students at a university in southern China. Participants completed three standardized questionnaires, all of which demonstrated good reliability and validity. Results showed that the average weekly PA-MET was 2,595.3, indicating a moderate activity level, with females reporting higher PA levels than males. Most students exhibited autonomous motivation (identified, integrated, and intrinsic regulation). The most frequently reported barriers were lack of willpower (63.35%), lack of energy (59.77%), lack of time (43.63%), and lack of resources (39.25%). Autonomous motivation was positively correlated with PA levels (r = .360 to .623), whereas controlled motivation and amotivation showed negative correlations (r = –.566 to –.199). Perceived barriers were negatively correlated with PA (r = –.051 to –.687). Additionally, autonomous motivation was negatively associated with barriers, while controlled motivation and amotivation were positively associated. These findings highlight that, compared to motivation alone, addressing perceived barriers is equally essential in promoting physical activity engagement.