Evaluating the Effectiveness of Inclusive Training for Persons with Disabilities: A Qualitative Study Using the Kirkpatrick Model

Abstract

This study explores the effectiveness of a structured training program designed for persons with disabilities (PWDs) using the Kirkpatrick Model as a four-level evaluation framework. Through a qualitative case study approach involving semi-structured interviews with 12 PWD participants from training programs organized by Yayasan Pembangunan Keluarga Darul Ta'zim (YPKDT), this research investigates training outcomes across reaction, learning, behavior, and results. Thematic analysis revealed high participant satisfaction, tangible knowledge and skill gains, application of learned behaviors in real-life settings, and meaningful socio-economic impacts including increased income and self-reliance. However, areas for improvement were also identified, such as accessibility, content customization, and the need for continuous mentoring. The study proposes policy and instructional recommendations to enhance inclusivity, engagement, and long-term impact. Findings support the need for inclusive, modular, and market-driven training models that empower PWDs not only to participate in the digital economy but to thrive as independent contributors and leaders.