Integrating Digital Tools in Environmental Education: A Systematic Literature Review of Impact and Challenges

Abstract

The growth in integration of digital tools in environmental education reflects the prominence of digital learning. Despite its rise, limited studies have examined its effective application in school-based environmental education. This systematic literature review (SLR) investigates the impact of digital tools in enhancing environmental education in schools, along with the linked challenges. The review employed five key steps: developing a review protocol, formulating research questions, applying the PRISMA framework, conducting a systematic search across Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, and thematic analysis. A total of 25 articles published between 2015 and 2025 were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Four key themes emerged: student engagement, immersive learning, experiential and adaptive learning, and personalised instruction, while the challenges included limited access to technology, insufficient teacher readiness, and digital overdependence. This review highlights the need for inclusive strategies to implement digital tools in environmental education effectively.