Politeness, Power, and Persuasion: A Pragmatic Analysis of Nelson Mandela and Martin Luther King Jr.’s Rhetoric

Abstract

This study dives into a comparative analysis of the speeches delivered by Nelson Mandela and Martin Luther King Jr. It highlights how both leaders skilfully use politeness, power, and persuasion to advocate for justice and social change. By leaning on Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory alongside classical rhetorical frameworks, the research uncovers how their language choices embody moral authority, foster unity, and demonstrate strategic resistance. King’s speeches, filled with biblical references and emotional resonance, utilise repetition and inclusive language to galvanise collective action and spiritual strength. On the other hand, Mandela’s rhetoric, grounded in reconciliation and democratic principles, underscores political maturity, collaboration, and nonviolent resistance. Through a detailed analysis of speech acts and discourse, the study reveals how both leaders cultivate ethical power through civility, empathy, and a conscious effort to steer clear of hostility. The findings show that their rhetorical techniques not only rallied oppressed communities but also redefined what it means to lead through moral persuasion and linguistic integrity.